Feedback amplifiers are normally designed with a phase margin of at least 45°. The amount
of phase margin has a profound effect on the shape of the closed-loop gain response. To
see this relationship, consider a feedback amplifier with a large low-frequency loop gain,
A0β 1. It follows that the closed-loop gain at low frequencies is approximately 1/β. Denoting
the frequency at which the magnitude of loop gain is unity by ω
1, we have (refer to Fig.
10.42)