Chemical contamination of red meat arises via various routes and from different sources and can have negative effects on human health. This chapter discusses the origins, occurrence, transfer through the food chain and significance for human health of the major chemical contaminants and residues in red meat. Analytical methods are also briefly considered for certain contaminants. The selected chemical contaminants and residues are polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), pesticides, toxic metals, and veterinary drugs.