In 1979, it was demonstrated in a sheep model that immediate coolingreduced acute oedema, but cooling delayed by 2 min increased oedema compared to no cooling, supporting the thermal energy removal mechanism hypothesis, as temperatures rapidly return to normal after a thermal injury. Blomgren et al. found thatapplicationof water at 8 oCfor 30 minimmediately following the scald was the most effective in oedema reduction when compared to other durations. A scalded rat paw model showed that best reduction in oedema was achieved with 0 CRinger's solution for 120 min, with 20 °C Ringer's solution worsening oedema compared to controls, possibly from a hyperaemic response.