For knowledge management, De Jarnett (1996) defines KM as including knowledge creation, which is followed by knowledge interpretation, knowledge dissemination and use, and knowledge retention and refinement. Brooking (1997) posits that knowledge management is the activity that is concerned with strategy and tactics to manage human-centered assets. Quintas et al. (1997) suggested that KM is the process of critically managing knowledge to meet existing needs, to identify and exploit existing and acquired knowledge assets, and to develop new opportunities. From the process point of view, KM includes knowledge creation, knowledge storage/retrieval, knowledge transfer, and knowledge application (Alavi & Leidner, 2001; Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995). From the above statements, KM initiatives could include knowledge creation, knowledge access, knowledge transfer, and knowledge application. These four elements also become the major concepts of KM, as discussed in this study.