Introduction: Injury is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and as much as
40% of injury-related mortality is attributed to uncontrollable hemorrhage. This persists
despite establishment of regionalized trauma systems and advances in the management of
severely injured patients. Trauma-induced coagulopathy has been identified as the most
common preventable cause of postinjury mortality.
Methods: A review of the current literature was performed by collecting PUBMED
references related to trauma-induced coagulopathy. Data were then critically analyzed
and summarized based on the authors’ clinical and research perspective, as well as that
reported by other institutions and researchers interested in trauma-induced coagulopathy.
A particular focus was placed on those aspects of coagulopathy in which agreement among
clinical and basic scientists is currently lacking; these include, pathophysiology, the role
of blood components and factor therapy, and goal-directed assessment and management.
Results: Trauma-induced coagulopathy has been recognized in approximately one-third
of trauma patients. There is a vast range of severity, and the emergence of viscoelastic
assays, such as thrombelastography and rotational thromboelastogram, has refined its
diagnosis and management, particularly through the establishment of goal-directed
massive transfusion protocols. Despite advancements in the diagnosis and management
of trauma-induced coagulopathy, much remains to be understood regarding its
pathophysiology. The cell-based model of hemostasis has allowed for characterization of
endothelial dysfunction, impaired thrombin generation, platelet dysfunction, fibrinolysis,
endogenous anticoagulants such as protein-C, and antifibrinolytic proteins. These concepts collectively compose the contemporary, but still partial, understanding of trauma-induced
coagulopathy.
Conclusion: Trauma-induced coagulopathy is a complex pathophysiological condition,
of which some mechanisms have been characterized, but much remains to be understood
in order to translate this knowledge into improved outcomes for the injured patient.
Introduction: Injury is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and as much as40% of injury-related mortality is attributed to uncontrollable hemorrhage. This persistsdespite establishment of regionalized trauma systems and advances in the management ofseverely injured patients. Trauma-induced coagulopathy has been identified as the mostcommon preventable cause of postinjury mortality.Methods: A review of the current literature was performed by collecting PUBMEDreferences related to trauma-induced coagulopathy. Data were then critically analyzedand summarized based on the authors’ clinical and research perspective, as well as thatreported by other institutions and researchers interested in trauma-induced coagulopathy.A particular focus was placed on those aspects of coagulopathy in which agreement amongclinical and basic scientists is currently lacking; these include, pathophysiology, the roleof blood components and factor therapy, and goal-directed assessment and management.Results: Trauma-induced coagulopathy has been recognized in approximately one-thirdof trauma patients. There is a vast range of severity, and the emergence of viscoelasticassays, such as thrombelastography and rotational thromboelastogram, has refined itsdiagnosis and management, particularly through the establishment of goal-directedmassive transfusion protocols. Despite advancements in the diagnosis and managementof trauma-induced coagulopathy, much remains to be understood regarding its
pathophysiology. The cell-based model of hemostasis has allowed for characterization of
endothelial dysfunction, impaired thrombin generation, platelet dysfunction, fibrinolysis,
endogenous anticoagulants such as protein-C, and antifibrinolytic proteins. These concepts collectively compose the contemporary, but still partial, understanding of trauma-induced
coagulopathy.
Conclusion: Trauma-induced coagulopathy is a complex pathophysiological condition,
of which some mechanisms have been characterized, but much remains to be understood
in order to translate this knowledge into improved outcomes for the injured patient.
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