the supstrates of gluconeogenesis include pyruvate , lactate, and amino acids
ln addition to pyruvate and lactate , other noncarbohydrate precursore can be used as substrates for gluconeogenesis in animals. These include most of the amino acids, as well as glycerol and all the TCA cycle intermediates . on the other hand, fatty acids are not substrates for gluconeogenesis in animals , becannot most ftty acid yield only acetyl-CoA upon degradation, and animals cannot cerry out net synthesis of sugars from acetyl-CoA .Lysine and leucine are the only amino acid that are not substrates for gluconeogenesis . These amino acids produce only acetyl-CoA upon degradation. Note also that acetyl-CoA is a substrate for gluconeogenesis when the glyoxylate cycle is operating