Cellulose is the most abundant biomass on Earth [1]. It is the primary product of photosynthesis in terrestrial environments and the most abundant renewable bioresource produced in the biosphere [2, 3]. Cellulose is commonly degraded by an enzyme called cellulase. This enzyme is produced by several microorganisms, commonly by bacteria and fungi [4–7].
Cellulose is the principal constituent of the cell wall of most terrestrial plants. The source of cellulose is in plants and it is found as microfibrils (“2–20 nm” in diameter and “100–40,000 nm” long). These form the structurally strong framework in the cell walls. Despite a worldwide and enormous utilization of natural cellulosic sources, there are still abundant quantities of cellulosic sources and there are still abundant quantities of cellulose containing raw materials and waste products that are not exploited or which could be used more efficiently. The problem in this respect is, however, to develop processes that are economically profitable. Complete hydrolysis of the enzyme requires synergistic action of 3 types of enzymes, namely, cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase or carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), and beta-glucosidases [8].