Socio-economic vulnerability is not only determined by the type
and frequency of hazards to which the rural population is exposed.
Migrants, due to social exclusion and government policy, have a
relatively higher rate of vulnerability due to lack of opportunities in
the job market, health problems, and restricted access to the social
security system (Wang et al., 2012). We have included a question
regarding the migrant status of the respondents. Of all respondents,
only 18% have answered that they do not originally come from the
Yellow River Delta.