Introduction
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance of variable degrees with an onset, or first recognized, during pregnancy. About 15–45% of babies born to diabetic mothers can have macrosomia, which is a 3-fold higher rate when compared to normoglycemic controls. Macrosomia is typically defined as a birth weight above the 90th percentile for gestational age or >4,000 g. Unlike maternal hyperglycemia, maternal obesity has a strong and independent effect on fetal macrosomia [1] . Gestational age at delivery, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), pregnancy weight gain, maternal height, hypertension and cigarette smoking also have a significant impact. When obese women were compared to normal-weight women, the newborns of obese women
had more than double the risk of macrosomia compared to those of women with normal weight [2] .