Perhaps the most promising advance to intraspecific discrimination of wine
yeasts has been achieved through use of whole genome sequences. Full genome
sequences are available for S. cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces
pombe, K. lactis and Db. hansenii. In addition several genome sequencing projects for wine-related yeasts or fungi are currently underway including D. bruxellensis, K. thermotolerans, S. bayanus and B. cinerea. An increasingly common approach to examine strain evolution and differentiation is to use comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) with whole or partial genomic arrays. In this fashion chromosomal loci that are shared or missing among strains are documented with the level of discrimination dictated by the level of genome coverage present on the array.