In Japan, there are also some examples of subsidies for pilot programs for traffic improvement, but not linked to
intermodal transport. In, “Measures for dealing with urban logistics issues in Japan” (Okutani, Kono & Futamata,
2007), the way Japanese government policies promote more efficient and sustainable city logistics is explained.
This policy is mostly oriented towards subsidizing pilot programs, with a strong focus on the management of
loading/unloading and parking spaces, both on-street and off-street.