he surface coverage of functional groups is a key parameter for reproducibility.
While most LbL-films show linear growth, which is likely associated with densities
of functional groups that are independent of the layer number, this is not always the
case. Superlinear growth may result from increasing surface coverage (or densities)
of functional groups (or from the reservoir effect brought about by molecules
diffusing into the whole film) and sub-linear growth results from decreasing
densities of functional groups which will finally lead to stagnation of layer growth.
In general, stagnation of layer growth is more likely with molecules or objects that
possess only few functional groups, especially when the adsorbed geometries
permit orientation of all functional groups toward the surface. For molecules with a
large number of functional groups (i.e., high degree of polymerization) such
unfavorable orientations for layer growth are much less likely. However, reproducible layer-by-layer assembly can be performed even with molecules containing only
two functional groups (e.g., [7, 46]).
he surface coverage of functional groups is a key parameter for reproducibility.While most LbL-films show linear growth, which is likely associated with densitiesof functional groups that are independent of the layer number, this is not always thecase. Superlinear growth may result from increasing surface coverage (or densities)of functional groups (or from the reservoir effect brought about by moleculesdiffusing into the whole film) and sub-linear growth results from decreasingdensities of functional groups which will finally lead to stagnation of layer growth.In general, stagnation of layer growth is more likely with molecules or objects thatpossess only few functional groups, especially when the adsorbed geometriespermit orientation of all functional groups toward the surface. For molecules with alarge number of functional groups (i.e., high degree of polymerization) suchunfavorable orientations for layer growth are much less likely. However, reproducible layer-by-layer assembly can be performed even with molecules containing onlytwo functional groups (e.g., [7, 46]).
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