A further issue with the original grid studies is that the social phenomenon itself was not included in the grids (Green, McManus, & Derrick, 1998). This means that when Lunt (1988) asked participants about the possible links between nom- inated causes of exam failure, he did not ask them about the direct links of these causes with exam failure. Thus it is likely that indirect causes will be over-rated. Heffernan, Green, McManus, and Muncer (1998) demonstrated that it is indeed the case that if direct links are allowed the picture of the relationship between causes is far simpler. In addition, the networks produced by Lunt’s method may be overly elaborate because individuals’ representations are limited by the proposed causes without any scope to make links with the phenomenon being studied. For example, in his study of loneliness, Lunt’s (1991) participants’ networks had 48 links, whereas a replication of this study by Muncer and Gillen (1997) which included loneliness as a target contained only five causal links.
A further issue with the original grid studies is that the social phenomenon itself was not included in the grids (Green, McManus, & Derrick, 1998). This means that when Lunt (1988) asked participants about the possible links between nom- inated causes of exam failure, he did not ask them about the direct links of these causes with exam failure. Thus it is likely that indirect causes will be over-rated. Heffernan, Green, McManus, and Muncer (1998) demonstrated that it is indeed the case that if direct links are allowed the picture of the relationship between causes is far simpler. In addition, the networks produced by Lunt’s method may be overly elaborate because individuals’ representations are limited by the proposed causes without any scope to make links with the phenomenon being studied. For example, in his study of loneliness, Lunt’s (1991) participants’ networks had 48 links, whereas a replication of this study by Muncer and Gillen (1997) which included loneliness as a target contained only five causal links.
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