Cox, Sims, and Yun (2006) used the empirical methodology of hierarchical linear
modeling to conduct a longitudinal study (2006, p. 379). The questionnaire was called the
Leadership Strategies Questionnaire II; the previous version was developed by Cox and
Sims (1996), and the questionnaire was later refined by Pearce and Sims (2002). The
research of Cox et al. (2006) demonstrated empirical support of the way in which