Results
Demographical characteristics of patients
In this research, there were 30 male patients (50%) and 30 female patients (50%) in each group in
an attempt to control for gender bias. The mean ± SD age of the patients were: (1) cold pack
group: 59.58 ± 1.68, (2) cold–hot pack group: 54.72 ± 1.61 and (3) control group: 59.53 ± 1.93.
In addition, the average BMI for the cold pack group, cold–hot pack group and control group
were 25.19 ± 0.43, 24.73 ± 0.45 and 23.43 ± 0.46, respectively. No significant difference was
found between the size of the bruise and demographic information in the groups