Heat-related illness is a set of preventable conditions ranging from mild forms (e.g., heat
exhaustion, heat cramps) to potentially fatal heat stroke. Hot and humid conditions challenge
cardiovascular compensatory mechanisms. Once core temperature reaches 104°F (40°C), cellular
damage
occurs,
initiating
a
cascade
of
events
that
may
lead
to
organ
failure
and
death.
Early
recognition
of
symptoms
and
accurate
measurement
of
core
temperature
are
crucial
to
rapid
diagnosis.
Milder
forms
of
heat-related
illness
are
manifested
by
symptoms
such
as
headache,
weakness,
dizziness, and an inability to continue activity. These are managed by supportive
measures including hydration and moving the patient to a cool place. Hyperthermia and central
nervous
system
symptoms
should
prompt
an
evaluation
for
heat
stroke.
Initial
treatments
should
focus
on
lowering
core
temperature
through
cold
water
immersion.
Applying
ice
packs
to
the head, neck, axilla, and groin is an alternative. Additional measures include transporting
the patient to a cool environment, removing excess clothing, and intravenous hydration.
Delayed access to cooling is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with heat
stroke. Identification of at-risk groups can help physicians and community health agencies
provide preventive measures. (Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(11):1325-1330. Copyright © 2011
American Academy of Family Physicians.)