The GHG emission price yields structural changes: firstly, through energy savings and reallocation of resources of capital and labor to GHG emission-extensive activities, and secondly, through input changes at the sectoral level to lower the pollution per unit of production. Simultaneously, the GHG emission price generates EOP abatement. The structural changes in turn result into the indirect benefits of lower level of APEs, which are explored further in this paper. The emission prices of greenhouse gases are fixed in the ‘450P-CE’ and ‘RefP- CEback’ scenarios, and global emissions of greenhouse gases are consequently endogenous. Table 2 highlights level of the emission prices: the scenarios start with ambitious emission prices in the EU27 and ‘Non-Annex-1 Energy Importers’ region, and from 2030 either move to ‘450’ (‘450P-CE’) or fall back to ‘RefPol’ (‘RefP-CEback’).