Participants of the study comprised of 44 students from one language institutes with intermediate
level of language proficiency in Mashhad. They had been selected through a PET language
proficiency test and randomly assigned in two independent groups; the experimental group and
comparison group. The experimental group received reduction recast, while the comparison group
received non-reduction recast. They had four hours of English per week and totally they took part in
10 sessions of treatment. They were EFL learners with homogeneous language proficiency. Since the
gender was not considered as a moderator variable for this study, only male students were chosen.