ICT IN EDUCATION
A CURRICULUM AND PROGRAMME OF TEACHER DEVELOPMENT
tute or from another school. In some countries, teacher education institutes
and other (often private) enterprises provide a range of courses in basic ICT
instruction. In other countries, there are accredited organizations for delivering
courses of instruction for the International Computer Driving Licence, or
similar especially modified units for teachers. In these latter cases, assessment
and testing certification is also provided (the computer driving licence).
Learning materials on most aspects of ICT are available on the
Internet for self-learning. Teachers often prefer just to explore different
software tools, but it is best to organize a systematic programme of professional
development for teachers to ensure that all teachers are adequately
prepared for an ICT curriculum.
Further points to consider
Teacher education and professional development are essential for the
success of an ICT curriculum in schools. A few additional points to consider
are the following:
• At the very initial stage, psychological or affective factors are critically
important. One of the main goals is to decrease teachers'
fears of computers, and to show new learners that they are able to
use a computer. Confidence is as important as competence.
• Most of the professional life of teachers is spent at home. Many
of the basic ICT skills relevant at this initial stage are of value in
their personal lives. Confidence and competence can be acquired
through autonomous work, using carefully prepared learning
materials and, where possible, some distance interactions
through appropriate communication tools.
• Teachers, like all learners, need to be provided with opportunities
to make mistakes. Such opportunities are often best provided
in arranging professional development programmes for small
groups of teachers with similar needs.
• At the initial stage of ICT development, many teachers are
affected by serious motor-skill difficulties. The most basic motor
skills (e.g. pointing, clicking, and dragging with a mouse) need to
be mastered before developing skills to use ICT tools: mastery is
about confidence and self-esteem.
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS
• Beginners have not only to be able to use ICT tools and environments,
but to understand basic principles about architecture, file
managing, and email transmission. Hence, it is important to provide
accurate representations of the computing systems and ICT
tools they are expected to use in their schools, not the theory of
what may happen.
APPLYING ICT TO TEACHERS' SUBJECT AREAS
After teachers have acquired basic ICT skills and knowledge, they feel confident
in using a number of generic and specialized ICT tools that can be applied
to the teaching of their subject areas. The opportunity to apply ICT in all of
their teaching is often limited by a lack of ready access to ICT facilities and
resources, and hence is not fully integrated into all lessons for all students.
Specific examples are provided in Appendix B (the student curriculum)
to illustrate how teachers can apply ICT in their teaching, in languages, natural
sciences, mathematics, social sciences, and art:
S1 ICT in Languages
S2 ICT in Natural Sciences
S3 ICT in Mathematics
S4 ICT in Social Sciences
S5 ICT in Art
B1 Measurement
B2 Modelling and Simulation
B3 Robots and Feedback Devices
B4 Statistics
B5 Creating Graphics
B6 Music
El Spreadsheet Design
E2 Database Design
Teacher competencies
There are general ICT competencies, common to all uses, regardless of
the subject area. Training and professional development will need to
focus upon these competencies as teachers' technical confidence and
competence grows and as they seek ways to improve their teaching.
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ICT ในการศึกษาหลักสูตรและโปรแกรมการพัฒนาครูtute หรือ จากโรงเรียนอื่น ในบางประเทศ สถาบันการศึกษาครูและองค์กรอื่น ๆ (มักเป็นส่วนตัว) ให้ช่วงของ ICT พื้นฐานคำแนะนำ ในประเทศ มีองค์กรได้รับการรับรองการส่งหลักสูตรการเรียนการสอนสำหรับการอินเตอร์เนชั่นแนลคอมพิวเตอร์ใบขับขี่ หรือคล้ายหน่วยการแก้ไขโดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งสำหรับครู ในกรณีหลัง ประเมินและทดสอบออกใบรับรอง (ใบอนุญาตขับขี่คอมพิวเตอร์)เรียนในด้านที่สุดของ ICT มีการอินเทอร์เน็ตเพื่อการเรียนรู้ด้วยตนเอง ครูต้องเพียงการสำรวจต่าง ๆเครื่องมือซอฟต์แวร์ แต่มีการจัดระเบียบโปรแกรมระบบของมืออาชีพการพัฒนาครูเพื่อให้ครูทั้งหมดเพียงพอเตรียมพร้อมสำหรับการหลักสูตร ICTคะแนนเพิ่มเติมเพื่อพิจารณาศึกษาและพัฒนาอาชีพจำเป็นสำหรับการความสำเร็จของการหลักสูตร ICT ในโรงเรียน บางจุดพิจารณามีดังนี้:•ในระยะแรกมาก ปัจจัยทางจิตใจ หรือได้ผลเป็นอย่างยิ่งสิ่งสำคัญการ หนึ่งในเป้าหมายหลักคือการลดครูความกลัว ของคอมพิวเตอร์ และ การแสดงนักเรียนใหม่ที่พวกเขาจะสามารถใช้คอมพิวเตอร์ ความเชื่อมั่นเป็นที่สำคัญเป็นความสามารถ•สุดชีวิตมืออาชีพของครูที่ใช้ที่บ้าน หลายของ ICT พื้นฐาน ทักษะที่เกี่ยวข้องในขั้นตอนเริ่มต้นมีค่าในtheir personal lives. Confidence and competence can be acquiredthrough autonomous work, using carefully prepared learningmaterials and, where possible, some distance interactionsthrough appropriate communication tools.• Teachers, like all learners, need to be provided with opportunitiesto make mistakes. Such opportunities are often best providedin arranging professional development programmes for smallgroups of teachers with similar needs.• At the initial stage of ICT development, many teachers areaffected by serious motor-skill difficulties. The most basic motorskills (e.g. pointing, clicking, and dragging with a mouse) need tobe mastered before developing skills to use ICT tools: mastery isabout confidence and self-esteem.PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS• Beginners have not only to be able to use ICT tools and environments,but to understand basic principles about architecture, filemanaging, and email transmission. Hence, it is important to provideaccurate representations of the computing systems and ICTtools they are expected to use in their schools, not the theory ofwhat may happen.APPLYING ICT TO TEACHERS' SUBJECT AREASAfter teachers have acquired basic ICT skills and knowledge, they feel confidentin using a number of generic and specialized ICT tools that can be appliedto the teaching of their subject areas. The opportunity to apply ICT in all oftheir teaching is often limited by a lack of ready access to ICT facilities andresources, and hence is not fully integrated into all lessons for all students.Specific examples are provided in Appendix B (the student curriculum)to illustrate how teachers can apply ICT in their teaching, in languages, naturalsciences, mathematics, social sciences, and art:S1 ICT in LanguagesS2 ICT in Natural SciencesS3 ICT in MathematicsS4 ICT in Social SciencesS5 ICT in ArtB1 MeasurementB2 Modelling and SimulationB3 Robots and Feedback DevicesB4 StatisticsB5 Creating GraphicsB6 MusicEl Spreadsheet DesignE2 Database DesignTeacher competenciesThere are general ICT competencies, common to all uses, regardless ofthe subject area. Training and professional development will need tofocus upon these competencies as teachers' technical confidence andcompetence grows and as they seek ways to improve their teaching.49
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