Separate effects of alcoholism or smoking The evidence presented regarding personality could provide a partial explanation of the deficits observed. The neuroticism measure derived from the EPQ represents temperament aspects characterized by levels of negative affect, including depression and anxiety. In contrast, the EPQ questionnaire also assesses extraversion, which is characterized by high levels of positive affect, such as talkativeness and outgoing qualities. These two personality traits distinguished smokers from drinkers: alcoholics were found to be more neurotic, while smokers were found to be less extraverted. The exploratory analyses revealed a significant pattern of deficits associated with face discrimination, recognition, and perception, in addition to location information associated with the faces. Taken together, these results suggested that both alcoholism and smoking have an impact in relation to cognitive abilities, mental function, and personality.