The recent developments in motion control technology are driven by the increasing requirements of industrial applications for higher performance, better reliability, and lower cost. They are due to the advances in several areas: power electronics, control theory, and microprocessor technology. In this latter, new high-performance processor architectures have been developed and the integration level has been significantly raised so that more complex devices can be put on the same chip. Control performance have been improved by faster processors capable of complex computing. Because higher precision and higher computing speed can be achieved, the control bandwidth is pushed towards the analog limits. Sophisticated algorithms from modern control theory, such as state feedback control, optimal control, and adaptive control, can be implemented in real time using high-performance microprocessors and specialized ASIC’s (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits). “Sensorless” motion control is possible since the system state variables can be estimated by state observer implemented on microprocessors. Emerging technologies from the artificial intelligence field such as expert systems, neural networks, and fuzzy logic can be now applied to motion control systems owing to DSP’s and ASIC chips. The high degree of integration results in reduced parts count and thus contributes to enhance the system overall reliability. The fault tolerance of control systems can be improved by implementing diagnosis functions in the control system. Also, self-testing and self-tuning capabilities can be added.