Among the antigens are the 28-kDa antigen Sm28-GST , the 23-kDa integral membrane protein (Sm23), the protease asparaginyl endopeptidase (Sm32) , the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-peroxidase, and the 14-kDa antigen Sm14.An interesting approach has exploited the protective potential of multi-antigen vaccines,composed by double or triple combinations of DNA plasmids encoding three proteins of S. mansoni, including Sm14.