Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 10–15%; 22:6 Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA), 8–15%. These
sum components added up to 80% (the remaining 20% represents other unidentified fatty
acids). Note that EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids, known to act as PPARγ activators, are
the major components for fish oil. The fish oil was emulsified with 5% (w/w) egg
phosphatidylcholine (Sigma) and 0.03% (w/w) butylated hydroxytoluene (as anti-oxidant) in
phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at a final oil concentration of 15 mg/ml. For treatment, cells
were plated in regular growth medium for 24 h, after which the medium was replaced with
fresh oil-enriched medium at indicated concentrations of fish oil. The control group received
egg phosphatidylcholine alone at an equal volume. The oil-enriched medium was changed
daily in order to decrease the reactions of fatty acid oxidation on cells. Polyclonal antibodies