During the first weeks of turbot larval development, aquaculture
farms experience high losses of 70e100% [51], which largely reflect
the losses observed in nature as well and therefore might be
regarded as a natural phenomenon. Additionally, in aquaculture,
these losses might be related to unsuitable feed or infections due to
opportunistic pathogens, facilitated by high stocking densities.
Hence, the present study aimed to enhance survival of turbot larvae
during the first stages of development and investigate underlying
mechanisms.