by elephants,2009 Table 5. Categories of benefit and cost estimation 16 Table 6. Characteristics of households and damage information for each area 19 Table 7. Socio-economic characteristics of households in the different study areas 23 Table 8. First incidents of cropraiding by elephants 24 Table 9. Frequency of cropraiding by elephants 25 Table 10 Number of nights spent cropguarding per year 25 Table 11 Cost of damage due to HEC in 2010, classified by study area 26 Table 12. HEC mitigation measures taken by households 27 Table 13. Mitigation costs borne by households affected by HEC, 2010 29 Table 14. Household mitigation plans to deal with HEC in the future 30 Table 15. Collective action to deal with HEC 30 Table 16. Assistance from external sources 31 Table 17. Proposed mitigation measures to deal with HEC by households 31 Table 18. Household attitudes towards HEC in the future 32 Table 19. Household volunteers willing to work in KARN for habitat improvement 33 Table 20. Household attitudes to elephants 33 Table 21. Benefits and cost categories for each scenario 34 Table 22. Cost of activities to alleviate HEC 39 Table 23. Net present values of the net benefits of the three policy options (unit: 45
million THB/million USD) Table 24. Cost-effectiveness ratio of the three policy options 46