It must be highlighted that both blood loss and plasma loss are clinical signs of deficient fluid volume, which was suggested as a risk factor for RDCO in this survey. This relationship was also mentioned by Santos (2006), indicating that the deficient fluid volume was considered an empirical referent for establishing RDCO in her study. Furthermore, Gordon and Hiltunen (1995) found that 91% of their experts considered the deficient fluid volume as a prevalent and priority problem in critical care units.viscosity. Plasma loss may be caused by intestinal obstruction, which leads to increased capillary pressure and extravasations of total plasma proteins and plasma as well as severe burns and other skin conditions (Guyton and Hall, 2006).