To reach the Newtonian Mas- tery Threshold, which implies that the student has dismissed all of their previous Aristotelian beliefs and thinks with a Newtonian understanding, a minimum score of 85% must be achieved. Of the students in the JiTT group, 8.5% of those students reached Newtonian Mastery, while 6.5% of the Non-JiTT group became true Newtonian thinkers see Table II and Fig. 1 .