Industrial roasting of nuts is performed at temperatures over 100 C (Ozdemir and Devres, 2000) with a standard range from 130 to 154 C, and requires 15–55 min for production of medium roasted kernels. It should be noted that even for the pasteurization process involving the highest heating temperature of 120 C in our study, almonds were exposed to temperatures over 100 C for 42 s only, i.e. 12 s initially during heating from 100 to 120 C and another 30 s during cooling from 120 to 100 C. Therefore, the short exposure time to high temperatures was responsible for the lack of change in almond quality. Also, our previous study showed that holding the almonds at 95, 85 and 75 C for 15, 30 and 60 min did not cause any alterations either in morphology or color of the treated almonds (Brandl et al., 2008). In our current study, the harshest holding condition was 90 C for 15 min (Table 1). Thus, the holding step in the pasteurization process described herein did not significantly alter the quality of raw almonds.
Industrial roasting of nuts is performed at temperatures over 100 C (Ozdemir and Devres, 2000) with a standard range from 130 to 154 C, and requires 15–55 min for production of medium roasted kernels. It should be noted that even for the pasteurization process involving the highest heating temperature of 120 C in our study, almonds were exposed to temperatures over 100 C for 42 s only, i.e. 12 s initially during heating from 100 to 120 C and another 30 s during cooling from 120 to 100 C. Therefore, the short exposure time to high temperatures was responsible for the lack of change in almond quality. Also, our previous study showed that holding the almonds at 95, 85 and 75 C for 15, 30 and 60 min did not cause any alterations either in morphology or color of the treated almonds (Brandl et al., 2008). In our current study, the harshest holding condition was 90 C for 15 min (Table 1). Thus, the holding step in the pasteurization process described herein did not significantly alter the quality of raw almonds.
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