Rooted in the Green Revolution development paradigm, sustainable intensification follows a technocratic approach, based on the belief that increased food production is directly related to food security and poverty eradication and assuming technology neutrality (Conway 1997; Das 2002; Holt-Gimenez and Altieri 2013; Patel 2013; McClung 2014). But does the increased production from sustainable intensification equate to increased food security? Does it improve the livelihoods of all the farmers who adopt the technologies behind it? In the specific case of Asia, there is a strong tendency to put the emphasis of sustainable intensification on rice intensification programs (FAO 1990; Cassman and Pingali 1995; Lee 2005). But does rice intensification correspond with rural households’ strategies and desires to improve livelihoods and well-being?