The Derogatis symptom checklist (SCL-90-R) and its short version, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), are
widely used instruments, despite the fact that their factor structures were not clearly confirmed.
The goals of this research were to compare four measurement models of these instruments including
one-factor, nine-factor, a second-ordered factor model and a bifactor model, in addition to testing the
gender difference in symptom factors in a community sample. SCL-90-R was assessed in a large
community survey which included 2710 adults who represent the population of Hungary. Statistical
analyses included a series of confirmatory factor analyses and multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC
modeling). The responses to items were treated as ordinal scales. The analysis revealed that the bifactor
model yielded the closest fit in both the full SCL-90-R and BSI; however the nine-factor model also had
an acceptable level of fit. As for the gender differences, women scored higher on global severity,
somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression and anxiety factors. Men
scored higher on hostility and psychoticism. The bifactor model of symptom checklist supports the
concept of global symptom severity and specific symptom factors. Global symptom severity explains the
large correlations between symptom factors.
The Derogatis symptom checklist (SCL-90-R) and its short version, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), arewidely used instruments, despite the fact that their factor structures were not clearly confirmed.The goals of this research were to compare four measurement models of these instruments includingone-factor, nine-factor, a second-ordered factor model and a bifactor model, in addition to testing thegender difference in symptom factors in a community sample. SCL-90-R was assessed in a largecommunity survey which included 2710 adults who represent the population of Hungary. Statisticalanalyses included a series of confirmatory factor analyses and multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMICmodeling). The responses to items were treated as ordinal scales. The analysis revealed that the bifactormodel yielded the closest fit in both the full SCL-90-R and BSI; however the nine-factor model also hadan acceptable level of fit. As for the gender differences, women scored higher on global severity,somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression and anxiety factors. Menscored higher on hostility and psychoticism. The bifactor model of symptom checklist supports theconcept of global symptom severity and specific symptom factors. Global symptom severity explains thelarge correlations between symptom factors.
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