This outcome is in part due to a focus on heavy metals that often result from mining. It is also due in part to a significant increase in mining activity in recent years. Importantly, however, mining and ore processing industries generate very large amounts of waste material that require attentive management and oversight (Lottermoser 2010).In the case of low-and medium-income countries, which are characterized by small tax bases and relatively weak governments, conditions are more conducive to mismanagement of these wastes