Mean results (g l1) for laboratories A–E are: 41.9, 41.9, 43.2, 39.1, 41.5. Hence
A – precise, little bias, mean accurate; B – poor precision, little bias, mean
accurate but not very reliable; C – precise but biased to high values, poor accuracy;
D – poor precision, biased to low values, poor accuracy; E – similar to A,
but the last result might be an ‘outlier’.