A second approach to the study of rule internalization focuses on how the emotion of guilt grows as the years advance. This emotion refers to the self-critical and self- punishing acts of anxiety and regret that follow transgression of a rule or cultural standard. Here the assumption is that the child obeys in order to avoid feeling guilty. kohlberg said this assumption underlines the concept of conscience in psychoanalysis and in learning theory. He concluded that even though studies of children through projective techniques show a sudden upsurge in such guilt feelings in the years prior to puberty, projective techniques have not been able to predict consistently whether children really will resist temptation. Hence his own theory is not founded on charting the emotion of guilty over the years of childhood and youth. Instead ,his work centered on a third approach , that of tracing the bases of the child’s judgments of moral issues.