To
resolve this issue, we have prepared Table 3, which compares students’ common misconceptions with the
gravitational theories of Aristotle and the medieval scholars. (This is similar to Table 1, except that the
ideas of Galileo and Newton are replaced by the students’ common misconceptions.) Our interpretation of
this side-by-side comparison is that when students are asked about projectiles, their ideas are more similar
to those of the medieval scholars