Experimentswere conducted on Lathe using PCD coarse grade cutting insert, the data surface roughnesswas collected under different cutting conditions for various combinations of cutting
speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Two modeling techniques were used to predict the surface
roughness namely ANOVA and ANN. ANOVA and ANN approach provide a systematic and effective methodology for the optimization. In ANOVA, it is revealed that the feed rate has highest physical as well as statistical influence on the surface roughness (51%) right after the depth of cut (30%) and the cutting speed (12%).