Discussion and Conclusion
The preliminary test was conducted to 61 respondents to determine the validity of the
questionnaire items and the adequacy of the sample before continuing the actual sample size.
Before testing the validity and reliability of the instrument, an independent sample T-test was
Journal of Business and Retail Management Research (JBRMR) Vol. 7 Issue 2 April 2013
A Journal of the Academy of Business and Retail Management (ABRM) 64
performed to the online and offline data. The results of the independent samples T-test showed
that there were no significant differences between online and offline data, so we use both online
and offline data in this study.