One of the commonly used passive heat transfer enhancement technique in single-phase internal flows is the use of ribs or baffles placing periodically in the cooling/heating channels or channel heat exchangers. This enhancement technique has been applied to various types of industrial applications such as shell-and-tube
the use of ribs or baffles placing periodically in the cooling/heating channels or channel heat exchangers.
Periodic flow interruption generated by ribs [1], baffles [2–4], grooves [5], helical or twisted tape [6,7], propeller [8] and winglets [9]