scoring was made on an ordinal scale of 1-8
points for sub-items 1 and 2, 1-5 points for subitems
1-5, and 1-4 points for other sub-items,
with 115 points for the overall score and 4 points
for an attention sub-item.
MMSE
MMSE includes 30 sub-items on a scoring
scale of 1-30 points. For the purpose of analysis,
the test’s content was divided into the following
six fields: orientation (10 sub-items), memory (6
sub-items), attention and calculation (5 subitems),
language (4 sub-items), execution (4 subitems),
and visual-spatial ability (1 sub-item).
Statistical Analysis
The results were analyzed with SPSS16.0 software
package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Qualitative data were analyzed by the chi square
test. Quantitative data were represented as mean
± SD and analyzed by normal distribution test.
For two case groups, the scores of LOTCA and
MMSE tests demonstrated normal distributions;
therefore, correlation between the tests was analyzed
by Pearson correlation test. To analyze correlations
between total scores, sub-items, or inter-
sub-items, the Spearman’s rank correlation
was utilized. To compare average values among
three groups, the Kruskal-Wallis Rank-Sum test
was utilized. The pair-wise comparisons between
LOCTA scoring sub-items were analyzed using
SAS9.1.3 software package, by rank-sum test.
The p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically
significant.