Primarily a foodborne pathogen, listeria can contaminate
a variety
of
raw
foods,
such
as
uncooked
meats
and
vegetables,
unpasteurized
milk,
and
soft
cheeses.
Infection
may
be
asymptomatic
or
may
be
manifested
as
an
inf
luenza-like illness;
severe infection is rare during pregnancy, and no
maternal deaths due to listeriosis have been reported
among
pregnant
women
who
are
hospitalized.
43
L. monocytogenes infections most commonly
occur during the third trimester and seem to be
rare earlier in pregnancy.
44
However, listeria has a
predilection for the placenta and fetus, and, depending
on
the
stage
of
pregnancy,
listeriosis
can
lead
to
pregnancy
loss,
stillbirth,
preterm
birth,
or
serious
neonatal
disease.
Active,
populationbased
surveillance
showed
that
17%
of
762
listeriosis
cases
reported
in
10
U.S.
sites
between
2004
and
2009
were
in
pregnant
women.
45
Hispanic
women seemed to be particularly at risk.
45-47
It has
been estimated that invasive listeriosis during pregnancy
is
13
times
to
more
than
100
times
as
frequent
as
in
the
general
population.
45,46,48
However,
in
one
study,
surveillance
data
indicated
that
more
than
50%
of
listeriosis
cases
during
pregnancy
were
associated
with
a neonatal
case,
which suggests that neonatal disease leads to
45
Primarily a foodborne pathogen, listeria can contaminatea varietyofrawfoods,suchasuncookedmeatsandvegetables,unpasteurizedmilk,andsoftcheeses.Infectionmaybeasymptomaticormaybemanifestedasaninfluenza-like illness;severe infection is rare during pregnancy, and nomaternal deaths due to listeriosis have been reportedamongpregnantwomenwhoarehospitalized.43 L. monocytogenes infections most commonlyoccur during the third trimester and seem to berare earlier in pregnancy.44 However, listeria has apredilection for the placenta and fetus, and, dependingonthestageofpregnancy,listeriosiscanleadtopregnancyloss,stillbirth,pretermbirth,orseriousneonataldisease.Active,populationbasedsurveillanceshowedthat17%of762listeriosiscasesreportedin10U.S.sitesbetween2004and2009wereinpregnantwomen.45 Hispanicwomen seemed to be particularly at risk.45-47 It hasbeen estimated that invasive listeriosis during pregnancyis13timestomorethan100timesasfrequentasinthegeneralpopulation.45,46,48 However,inonestudy,surveillancedataindicatedthatmorethan50%oflisteriosiscasesduringpregnancywereassociatedwitha neonatalcase,which suggests that neonatal disease leads to 45
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