Ethics statement
The owners and their dogs participated in this study voluntarily. The owners were present at the behavioral testing. The testing procedure was short and entirely non-invasive.
No special permission for the use of animals (dogs) in socio-cognitive research such as this study is required in Hungary or Austria. The relevant committees that allow research without special permission in regard to using animals are the University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Hungary) and Tierversuchskomission und Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung (Austria).