วิวัฒนาการของ WTO
The protectionism which emerged in international trade after the Second World War
gave way to gradual liberalization, comprising both unilateral liberalization and rules-based
multilateral liberalization.6 Globalization is the result of free or less restricted trading in
goods, services, technology, and capital among various countries. However there are various
confronting issues that restrict the growth of international trade, they are trade barriers,
financial assistance, piracy and more specifically violation of intellectual property rights.
This happens because of different trading rules, absence of reciprocity, etc. It is here where
WTO provides a global platform to the signatory countries to meet and discuss their issues
and to come down with generally accepted solutions for smoother transition to greater free
trade regimes.7
Thus WTO actively contributes for the development of bilateral agreements
on free trade in goods, services and technology.
WTO is the only international organization dealing with the global rules of trade
between nations. The World Trade Organisation came into existence with effect from 1-1-
1995.8
The WTO replaced General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Its main
function is: