farm labour and machinery costs; (ii) cost savings in NT through
eliminating contour terracing and the replanting of crops after
heavy rain which is often required under CT. (iii) reduced fertilizer,
insecticide, fungicide and herbicide usage per crop over time in NT
compared to CT. Rainfall simulator test in Parana, Brazil, showed
greater infiltration in no-till and minimum till fields compared
with ploughed land (Sidiras and Roth, 1985). However, the study
does draw attention to the fact that the use of NT and crop
rotations call for new management skills, particularly needed to
cost effectively control weeds. Farmers require a number of years
to master these skills, the key ones being: (i) type and quantity of
herbicide used; (ii) scheduling of herbicide application; (iii) the
choice and sequencing of cash and green manure crops in
rotations; (iv) minimizing the time between harvesting and the
sowing of a subsequent crop; (v) managing ground cover and crop
residues; and (vi) using spot spraying with weed-specific
herbicides or manual labour, where cost-effective, to control
sporadic patches of weeds as opposed to blanket spraying with
broad-spectrum herbicides. However, a little soil disturbance is
allowed during harvesting especially in case of root crop harvesting. A major disadvantage of no-till fallow (sometimes referred to
as chemical fallow) is its heavy use of herbicides for weed control
and slow soil warming on poorly drained soil
farm labour and machinery costs; (ii) cost savings in NT through
eliminating contour terracing and the replanting of crops after
heavy rain which is often required under CT. (iii) reduced fertilizer,
insecticide, fungicide and herbicide usage per crop over time in NT
compared to CT. Rainfall simulator test in Parana, Brazil, showed
greater infiltration in no-till and minimum till fields compared
with ploughed land (Sidiras and Roth, 1985). However, the study
does draw attention to the fact that the use of NT and crop
rotations call for new management skills, particularly needed to
cost effectively control weeds. Farmers require a number of years
to master these skills, the key ones being: (i) type and quantity of
herbicide used; (ii) scheduling of herbicide application; (iii) the
choice and sequencing of cash and green manure crops in
rotations; (iv) minimizing the time between harvesting and the
sowing of a subsequent crop; (v) managing ground cover and crop
residues; and (vi) using spot spraying with weed-specific
herbicides or manual labour, where cost-effective, to control
sporadic patches of weeds as opposed to blanket spraying with
broad-spectrum herbicides. However, a little soil disturbance is
allowed during harvesting especially in case of root crop harvesting. A major disadvantage of no-till fallow (sometimes referred to
as chemical fallow) is its heavy use of herbicides for weed control
and slow soil warming on poorly drained soil
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