Procedures
A longitudinal, multiple case study was used as the study design. Data collection involved three interviews with each of the 12 participants at 6-month intervals over the course of 1 year. Each of the three interviews began by asking the participant to complete a recovery assessment (Ridgway, 2005) followed by an open-ended conversation. The interview focused on the participant's experience of art making and engaging in symbolic meaning making, which was facilitated by reflecting with the investigator on artworks completed in an art therapy program during the previous 6 months. Betensky's (1995) phenomenological approach based in symbolic art expression and Barry's (1996) application of symbolic constructivism were used to frame the interviews (Table 1). Each interview lasted approximately 1.5 hours.