Positive charges are developed on the YSZ particles due to the presence of some residual water. A solid concentration of 10g L-1 was found to be suitable for EPD using acetylacetone as solvent [108]. Iodine-dissolved acetylacetone is an effective solvent for EPD as it has a much lower resistance than ethanol [104, 109]. Lower solution resistance reduces the applied voltage, depressing evolution of gases on the negative (i.e., deposited) electrode.