Women who were in the 24th to 31st week of gestation and who met the criteria for
mild gestational diabetes mellitus (i.e., an abnormal result on an oral glucose-tolerance
test but a fasting glucose level below 95 mg per deciliter [5.3 mmol per liter])
were randomly assigned to usual prenatal care (control group) or dietary intervention,
self-monitoring of blood glucose, and insulin therapy, if necessary (treatment
group). The primary outcome was a composite of stillbirth or perinatal death and
neonatal complications, including hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia,
and birth trauma