3.3. Physical and chemical characterisation
To illustrate the coalification process of the process, the O/C and
H/C atomic ratios of the starting material and bio-cokes are plotted
in a Van Krevelen diagram in Fig. 4. The original biomass samples
are as expected in the top right-hand corner of the diagram as observed
for a range of woody and peaty fuels [35]. The coals are