The enzyme α-amylase is found in very high levels in saliva. In the Phadebas Forensic Saliva Test products, α-amylase activity in stains is used as an indicator for the presence of saliva. Amylase is found in other body fluids, although normally at much lower levels than in saliva. Generally, amylase found in other body fluids will not be present in sufficient quantity for detection by the Phadebas method. As a reference on the differences in amylase activity between saliva and other fluids, the below list was compiled and published by P.H. Whitehead and Kipps (J. Forens. Sci. Soc. (1975), 15, 39-42):