suggested that this species is
present in anemonefishes as an intermediate carotenoid to zeaxanthin. The detection of
4-hydroxyzeaxanthin in a significant increase over time with a simultaneous decrease in
astaxanthin in this study lends to expansion of the previous pathway to include 4-hydroxyzeaxanthin in the following reductive pathway: astaxanthin?idoxanthin ?adonixanthin ?4-hydroxyzeaxanthin?zeaxanthin