ASEAN Mutual Recognition Arrangement Framework on Accountancy Services
The Governments of Brunei Darussalam, the Kingdom of Cambodia, the Republic of Indonesia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Union of Myanmar, the Republic of the Philippines, the Republic of Singapore, the Kingdom of Thailand, and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, Member States of the Association of South East Asian Nations (hereinafter collectively referred to as "ASEAN" or "ASEAN Member States" or singularly as "ASEAN Member State");
RECOGNISING the objectives of the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS), which are to enhance cooperation in services amongst ASEAN Member States in order to improve the efficiency and competitiveness, diversity, production capacity, and supply and distribution of services of their services suppliers within and outside ASEAN; to eliminate substantially restrictions to trade in services amongst ASEAN Member States; and to liberalise trade in services by expanding the depth and scope of liberalisation beyond those undertaken by ASEAN Member States under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) with the aim to realising a free trade area in services;
NOTING that Article V of AFAS provides that ASEAN Member States may recognise the education or experience obtained, requirements met, and license or certification granted in other ASEAN Member States, for the purpose of licensing or certification of service suppliers;
NOTING the decision of the Bali Concord II adopted at the Ninth ASEAN Summit held in 2003 calling for completion of Mutual Recognition Arrangements (hereinafter referred to as "MRAs") for qualifications in major professional services by 2008 to facilitate free movement of professional/skilled labour/talents in ASEAN;
DESIRING to provide a Mutual Recognition Arrangement Framework (hereinafter referred to as "MRA Framework") on Accountancy Services to facilitate the negotiations of MRAs in the Accountancy Services among ASEAN Member States as well as promoting the flow of relevant information and exchanging expertise, experiences and best practices suited to specific needs of each ASEAN Member State;
RECOGNISING the right of each ASEAN Member State to regulate the supply of the Accountancy Services sector within its territory;
NOTING the different levels of development of Accountancy Services among ASEAN Member States;
HAVE AGREED on this MRA Framework to encourage ASEAN Member States who are ready, to enter into bilateral or multilateral negotiations on MRAs on Accountancy Services.
ARTICLE I
OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES
1.1 This MRA Framework lays down the broad principle and framework for the negotiations of bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services between or among ASEAN Member States.
1.2 The objectives of this MRA Framework are:
1.2.1 To facilitate the negotiations of MRAs on Accountancy Services between or among ASEAN Member States by providing a structure towards the conclusion of such MRAs; and
1.2.2 To exchange information in order to promote and take into consideration the development of the best practices on standards and qualifications in the accountancy profession.
1.3 In achieving the above objectives, ASEAN Member States shall be guided by the following principles:
1.3.1 Promoting efficiency and quality of standards of the accountancy profession in ASEAN Member States;
1.3.2 Enhancing cooperation in the accountancy profession among ASEAN Member States;
1.3.3 Respecting and conforming with the Domestic Regulations of the participating ASEAN Member States without lowering the standards and requirements of the accountancy profession in each ASEAN Member State; and
1.3.4 All negotiations between or among ASEAN Member States for the conclusion of bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services shall be based on objectivity, fairness and reciprocity.
ARTICLE II
DEFINITIONS AND SCOPE
In this MRA Framework, unless the context otherwise indicates:
2.1 Accountancy Services refers to the activities covered under Central Product Classification (hereinafter referred to as "CPC") 862 of the Provisional CPC of the United Nations as well as other accountancy related services or services incidental to an Accountancy Services provider, the inclusion of which shall be mutually agreed between or among the ASEAN Member States negotiating bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services;
2.2 Country of Origin refers to the ASEAN Member State where the Practising Professional Accountant is registered as a member of and/or licensed to practice accountancy by the National Accountancy Body and/or the Professional Regulatory Authority;
2.3 Criteria/Standards generally, these two words are used synonymously to mean a specification of conditions required by National Accountancy Body and/or Professional Regulatory Authority to be met by the Practising Professional Accountant;
2.4 Domestic Regulations refers to laws, by-laws, regulations, rules, orders of respective ASEAN Member States as well as directives, guidelines and standards, relating to Accountancy Services, issued by the respective National Accountancy Body (NAB) and/or Professional Regulatory Authority (PRA);
2.5 Host Country refers to the ASEAN Member State where a Practising Professional Accountant from another ASEAN Member State applies for recognition to work in;
2.6 National Accountancy Body and/or Professional Regulatory Authority ("NAB and/or PRA") refers to the designated professional accountancy body or designated government agency in charge of each ASEAN Member State as in Appendix I;
2.7 Practising Professional Accountant ("PPA") refers to a natural person who is a national of an ASEAN Member State, who is assessed by the NAB and/or PRA as being technically, morally, and legally qualified to undertake independent professional accountancy practice and is registered as a member of and/or licensed to practice accountancy by the NAB and/or the PRA. ASEAN Member States may adopt different nomenclatures and requirements in referring to PPAs when negotiating their bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services; and
2.8 Recognition refers to acceptance by an NAB and/or PRA of compliance with its requirements.
ARTICLE III
BASIS FOR RECOGNITION
The ASEAN Member States hereby recognise that education, licences, demonstration of competencies and experience may be the principal elements considered in granting mutual recognition.
3.1 Education
The ASEAN Member States agree that a PPA of an ASEAN Member State who seeks recognition in another ASEAN Member State should have met the educational requirements in effect in the Country of Origin. Such individual's educational credentials may be accepted as having satisfied the educational requirements of the Host Country's NAB and/or PRA.
3.2 Licences
Where licences are required from governmental or regulatory bodies other than the NAB and/or PRA of each ASEAN Member State, the ASEAN Member States shall, subject to their Domestic Regulations, use their best endeavours to facilitate the PPA of the other ASEAN Member States to obtain the necessary approval.
3.3 Demonstration of Competencies
The ASEAN Member States recognise the need to require the PPA seeking recognition to demonstrate competencies to assure that the PPA has satisfactory knowledge of the Domestic Regulations of the Host Country.
3.4 Experience
A PPA seeking recognition shall meet the experience requirements specified by the Host Country.
3.5 International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) Standards and Guidelines
ASEAN Member States are encouraged to take into account the standards and guidelines set out by IFAC. The professional competencies and qualifications threshold for the practice of accountancy in ASEAN Member States shall be established, maintained and upheld according to these standards taking into consideration the Domestic Regulations of each ASEAN Member State.
ARTICLE IV
DOMESTIC REGULATION
4.1 Domestic Regulations
Any bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services between or among ASEAN Member States shall not prejudice the rights, powers and authority of each ASEAN Member State and its NAB and/or PRA and other regulators of the profession to set and regulate the necessary Domestic Regulations.
4.2 National Accountancy Body and/or Professional Regulatory Authority
The NAB and/or PRA of each ASEAN Member State, where applicable, shall be responsible for the following:
4.2.1 Granting recognition to the PPA who applies to work solely or in collaboration with the PPA of the Host Country, subject to Domestic Regulations;
4.2.2 Monitoring the professional practice of the PPA granted recognition to practice Accountancy Services in the Host Country;
4.2.3 Setting and/or maintaining, where applicable, standards of professional and ethical practice in Accountancy Services; and
4.2.4 Exchanging information regarding Domestic Regulations, practices and developments on Accountancy Services in the ASEAN Member States with the view to harmonise the practice in accordance with regional and/or international standards.
ARTICLE V
MUTUAL RECOGNITION ARRANGEMENTS
Following the signing of this MRA Framework, ASEAN Member States are encouraged to negotiate and conclude bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services.
5.1 Subject to the circumstances of each ASEAN Member State, an MRA may be concluded with the involvement and/or consent of the NAB and/or PRA and the relevant government agencies. A sample MRA is attached at APPENDIX II.
5.2 ASEAN Member States are encouraged to keep to the spirit of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Guidelines for Mutual Recognition Agreements or Arrangements in the Accountancy Sector. A copy of the Guidelines is attached at APPENDIX III.
5.3 ASEAN Member States are urged to keep to the spirit of this MRA Framework when negotiating and concluding bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountanc
อาเซียนร่วมกันการจัดกรอบการยศาสตร์รัฐบาลบรูไน ราชอาณาจักรกัมพูชา สาธารณรัฐอินโดนีเซีย สาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยประชาชนลาว มาเลเซีย สหภาพของ พม่า สาธารณรัฐฟิลิปปินส์ สาธารณรัฐสิงคโปร์ อาณาจักร ไทย และสังคมนิยมสาธารณรัฐของ เวียดนาม รัฐสมาชิกของสมาคมของใต้เอเชียตะวันออกชาติ (ซึ่งต่อไปนี้โดยรวมเรียกว่า "อาเซียน" หรือ "รัฐสมาชิกอาเซียน" หรือ singularly เป็น "รัฐสมาชิกอาเซียน");ซึ่งตระหนักถึงวัตถุประสงค์ของข้อตกลงกรอบอาเซียนในบริการ (AFAS), เป็นการเพิ่มความร่วมมือในหมู่รัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนเพื่อปรับปรุงประสิทธิภาพ และแข่งขัน ความหลากหลาย การ ผลิต และจัดหา และแจกจ่ายบริการผู้บริการภายใน และภาย นอก อาเซียน การกำจัดข้อจำกัดการค้าในบรรดารัฐสมาชิกอาเซียน มาก และ liberalise ค้าบริการ ด้วยการขยายความลึกและขอบเขตการเปิดเสรีนอกเหนือจากที่ดำเนินการ โดยรัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนภายใต้ข้อตกลงทั่วไปเกี่ยวกับการค้าในบริการ (GATS) เพื่อเหยื่อเขตการค้าเสรีในบริการสังเกตว่า V AFAS บทความแสดงว่า รัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนอาจรู้การศึกษา หรือประสบการณ์ที่ได้ รับ พบ ความต้องการ และอนุญาต หรือรับรองให้ในอาเซียนสมาชิกรัฐอื่น เพื่อออกใบอนุญาตหรือใบรับรองบริการซัพพลายเออร์สังเกตการตัดสินใจของนำมาใช้ในการประชุมสุดยอดอาเซียนไนน์ทูคอนคอร์ดบาหลีจัดโทรศัพท์ 2003 สำหรับความสมบูรณ์ของซึ่งกันและกันการเตรียมการ (ซึ่งต่อไปนี้เรียกว่า "MRAs") สำหรับคุณสมบัติในบริการหลักโดย 2008 เพื่อความสะดวกในการเคลื่อนย้ายแรงงานมืออาชีพ/ทักษะพรสวรรค์ในอาเซียนปรารถนาที่จะให้ร่วมกันการจัดเรียงกรอบ (ซึ่งต่อไปนี้เรียกว่า "กรอบ MRA") การยศาสตร์เพื่อเจรจาของ MRAs ในบริการบัญชีรัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนตลอดจนส่งเสริมการไหลของข้อมูลที่เกี่ยวข้อง และแลกเปลี่ยนความชำนาญ ประสบการณ์ และแนวทางปฏิบัติที่เหมาะสมกับความต้องการเฉพาะของแต่ละรัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนตระหนักถึงสิทธิของแต่ละรัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนในการควบคุมอุปทานของภาคการบริการบัญชีภายในดินแดนของสังเกตในระดับต่าง ๆ ของการพัฒนาของบริการบัญชีรัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนได้ตกลงในกรอบ MRA นี้เพื่อส่งเสริมให้รัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนพร้อม เข้าเจรจาทวิภาคี หรือพหุภาคีบน MRAs การยศาสตร์บทความผมวัตถุประสงค์และหลักการ1.1 กรอบ MRA นี้วางหลักกว้างและกรอบการเจรจาของ MRAs ทวิภาคี หรือพหุภาคีการยศาสตร์ระหว่าง หรือ รัฐสมาชิกอาเซียน1.2 วัตถุประสงค์ของกรอบ MRA นี้คือ:1.2.1 คำเพื่อเจรจาของ MRAs การยศาสตร์ระหว่าง หรือ รัฐสมาชิกอาเซียน โดยให้โครงสร้างมีต่อข้อสรุปของ MRAs เช่น และ1.2.2 เพื่อแลกเปลี่ยนข้อมูลเพื่อส่งเสริม และคำนึงถึงการพัฒนาแนวทางปฏิบัติเกี่ยวกับมาตรฐานและคุณสมบัติในวิชาชีพบัญชี1.3 ในการบรรลุวัตถุประสงค์ข้างต้น รัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนจะแนะนำ โดยหลักการดังต่อไปนี้:1.3.1 ส่งเสริมประสิทธิภาพและคุณภาพมาตรฐานของวิชาชีพการบัญชีในรัฐสมาชิกอาเซียน1.3.2 เพิ่มความร่วมมือในวิชาชีพบัญชีระหว่างรัฐสมาชิกอาเซียน1.3.3 เคารพ และสอดคล้องกับกฎระเบียบภายในประเทศของรัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนเข้าร่วม โดยไม่มีการลดมาตรฐานและข้อกำหนดของวิชาชีพบัญชีในแต่ละรัฐสมาชิกอาเซียน และ1.3.4 ทั้งหมดเจรจาระหว่าง หรือ รัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนสำหรับบทสรุปของ MRAs ทวิภาคี หรือพหุภาคีการบัญชีจะขึ้นอยู่กับปรวิสัย ธรรม และ reciprocityบทความที่สองคำนิยามและขอบเขตในกรอบนี้ MRA เว้นแต่บริบทอื่น ๆ ระบุ:2.1 บัญชีบริการหมายถึงกิจกรรมที่ครอบคลุมภายใต้การจัดประเภทผลิตภัณฑ์กลาง (ซึ่งต่อไปนี้เรียกว่า "CPC") 862 ของ CPC ชั่วคราวของสหประชาชาติเช่นเดียวกับบัญชีอื่น ๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับบริการหรือบริการเบ็ดเตล็ดไปผู้ให้บริการบัญชี รวมซึ่งรายการจะสามารถตกลงร่วมกันระหว่าง หรือ ระหว่าง รัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนที่เจรจาทวิภาคี หรือพหุภาคี MRAs การบัญชี2.2 ประเทศผู้ผลิตที่อ้างอิงถึงรัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนที่นักบัญชีมืออาชีพฝึกการลงทะเบียนเป็นสมาชิก หรือได้รับอนุญาตให้ฝึกพาณิชยศาสตร์ โดยตัวบัญชีแห่งชาติและ/หรือผู้มีอำนาจกำกับดูแลของมืออาชีพ2.3 เกณฑ์/มาตรฐานโดยทั่วไป คำสองคำนี้มีใช้ synonymously หมายถึง ข้อกำหนดของเงื่อนไขที่จำเป็น โดยร่างกายพาณิชยศาสตร์แห่งชาติหรือหน่วยงานกำกับดูแลมืออาชีพเพื่อตอบสนอง โดยบัญชีมืออาชีพฝึก2.4 กฎระเบียบในประเทศอ้างถึงกฎหมาย โดยกฎหมาย ข้อบังคับ กฎ คำสั่งของแต่ละรัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนรวมทั้งคำสั่ง คำแนะนำและมาตรฐาน เกี่ยวข้องกับบริการบัญชี ออก โดยแต่ละชาติบัญชีร่างกาย (NAB) และ/หรือผู้เชี่ยวชาญกำกับดูแลหน่วยงาน (พระ);2.5 ประเทศเจ้าภาพถึงรัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนที่นักบัญชีมืออาชีพการฝึกจากรัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนอื่นใช้สำหรับการทำงาน2.6 ร่างบัญชีแห่งชาติหรือผู้เชี่ยวชาญหน่วยงานกำกับดูแล ("NAB และ/หรือพระ") หมายถึงร่างกายกำหนดวิชาชีพบัญชีหรือหน่วยงานรัฐบาลต้องรับผิดชอบแต่ละรัฐสมาชิกอาเซียนในภาคผนวกฉัน2.7 Practising Professional Accountant ("PPA") refers to a natural person who is a national of an ASEAN Member State, who is assessed by the NAB and/or PRA as being technically, morally, and legally qualified to undertake independent professional accountancy practice and is registered as a member of and/or licensed to practice accountancy by the NAB and/or the PRA. ASEAN Member States may adopt different nomenclatures and requirements in referring to PPAs when negotiating their bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services; and2.8 Recognition refers to acceptance by an NAB and/or PRA of compliance with its requirements.ARTICLE IIIBASIS FOR RECOGNITIONThe ASEAN Member States hereby recognise that education, licences, demonstration of competencies and experience may be the principal elements considered in granting mutual recognition.3.1 EducationThe ASEAN Member States agree that a PPA of an ASEAN Member State who seeks recognition in another ASEAN Member State should have met the educational requirements in effect in the Country of Origin. Such individual's educational credentials may be accepted as having satisfied the educational requirements of the Host Country's NAB and/or PRA.3.2 LicencesWhere licences are required from governmental or regulatory bodies other than the NAB and/or PRA of each ASEAN Member State, the ASEAN Member States shall, subject to their Domestic Regulations, use their best endeavours to facilitate the PPA of the other ASEAN Member States to obtain the necessary approval.3.3 Demonstration of CompetenciesThe ASEAN Member States recognise the need to require the PPA seeking recognition to demonstrate competencies to assure that the PPA has satisfactory knowledge of the Domestic Regulations of the Host Country.3.4 ExperienceA PPA seeking recognition shall meet the experience requirements specified by the Host Country.3.5 International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) Standards and GuidelinesASEAN Member States are encouraged to take into account the standards and guidelines set out by IFAC. The professional competencies and qualifications threshold for the practice of accountancy in ASEAN Member States shall be established, maintained and upheld according to these standards taking into consideration the Domestic Regulations of each ASEAN Member State.ARTICLE IVDOMESTIC REGULATION4.1 Domestic RegulationsAny bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services between or among ASEAN Member States shall not prejudice the rights, powers and authority of each ASEAN Member State and its NAB and/or PRA and other regulators of the profession to set and regulate the necessary Domestic Regulations.4.2 National Accountancy Body and/or Professional Regulatory AuthorityThe NAB and/or PRA of each ASEAN Member State, where applicable, shall be responsible for the following:4.2.1 Granting recognition to the PPA who applies to work solely or in collaboration with the PPA of the Host Country, subject to Domestic Regulations;4.2.2 Monitoring the professional practice of the PPA granted recognition to practice Accountancy Services in the Host Country;4.2.3 Setting and/or maintaining, where applicable, standards of professional and ethical practice in Accountancy Services; and4.2.4 Exchanging information regarding Domestic Regulations, practices and developments on Accountancy Services in the ASEAN Member States with the view to harmonise the practice in accordance with regional and/or international standards.ARTICLE VMUTUAL RECOGNITION ARRANGEMENTSFollowing the signing of this MRA Framework, ASEAN Member States are encouraged to negotiate and conclude bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services.5.1 Subject to the circumstances of each ASEAN Member State, an MRA may be concluded with the involvement and/or consent of the NAB and/or PRA and the relevant government agencies. A sample MRA is attached at APPENDIX II.5.2 ASEAN Member States are encouraged to keep to the spirit of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Guidelines for Mutual Recognition Agreements or Arrangements in the Accountancy Sector. A copy of the Guidelines is attached at APPENDIX III.5.3 ASEAN Member States are urged to keep to the spirit of this MRA Framework when negotiating and concluding bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountanc
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ASEAN Mutual Recognition Arrangement Framework on Accountancy Services
The Governments of Brunei Darussalam, the Kingdom of Cambodia, the Republic of Indonesia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Union of Myanmar, the Republic of the Philippines, the Republic of Singapore, the Kingdom of Thailand, and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, Member States of the Association of South East Asian Nations (hereinafter collectively referred to as "ASEAN" or "ASEAN Member States" or singularly as "ASEAN Member State");
RECOGNISING the objectives of the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS), which are to enhance cooperation in services amongst ASEAN Member States in order to improve the efficiency and competitiveness, diversity, production capacity, and supply and distribution of services of their services suppliers within and outside ASEAN; to eliminate substantially restrictions to trade in services amongst ASEAN Member States; and to liberalise trade in services by expanding the depth and scope of liberalisation beyond those undertaken by ASEAN Member States under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) with the aim to realising a free trade area in services;
NOTING that Article V of AFAS provides that ASEAN Member States may recognise the education or experience obtained, requirements met, and license or certification granted in other ASEAN Member States, for the purpose of licensing or certification of service suppliers;
NOTING the decision of the Bali Concord II adopted at the Ninth ASEAN Summit held in 2003 calling for completion of Mutual Recognition Arrangements (hereinafter referred to as "MRAs") for qualifications in major professional services by 2008 to facilitate free movement of professional/skilled labour/talents in ASEAN;
DESIRING to provide a Mutual Recognition Arrangement Framework (hereinafter referred to as "MRA Framework") on Accountancy Services to facilitate the negotiations of MRAs in the Accountancy Services among ASEAN Member States as well as promoting the flow of relevant information and exchanging expertise, experiences and best practices suited to specific needs of each ASEAN Member State;
RECOGNISING the right of each ASEAN Member State to regulate the supply of the Accountancy Services sector within its territory;
NOTING the different levels of development of Accountancy Services among ASEAN Member States;
HAVE AGREED on this MRA Framework to encourage ASEAN Member States who are ready, to enter into bilateral or multilateral negotiations on MRAs on Accountancy Services.
ARTICLE I
OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES
1.1 This MRA Framework lays down the broad principle and framework for the negotiations of bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services between or among ASEAN Member States.
1.2 The objectives of this MRA Framework are:
1.2.1 To facilitate the negotiations of MRAs on Accountancy Services between or among ASEAN Member States by providing a structure towards the conclusion of such MRAs; and
1.2.2 To exchange information in order to promote and take into consideration the development of the best practices on standards and qualifications in the accountancy profession.
1.3 In achieving the above objectives, ASEAN Member States shall be guided by the following principles:
1.3.1 Promoting efficiency and quality of standards of the accountancy profession in ASEAN Member States;
1.3.2 Enhancing cooperation in the accountancy profession among ASEAN Member States;
1.3.3 Respecting and conforming with the Domestic Regulations of the participating ASEAN Member States without lowering the standards and requirements of the accountancy profession in each ASEAN Member State; and
1.3.4 All negotiations between or among ASEAN Member States for the conclusion of bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services shall be based on objectivity, fairness and reciprocity.
ARTICLE II
DEFINITIONS AND SCOPE
In this MRA Framework, unless the context otherwise indicates:
2.1 Accountancy Services refers to the activities covered under Central Product Classification (hereinafter referred to as "CPC") 862 of the Provisional CPC of the United Nations as well as other accountancy related services or services incidental to an Accountancy Services provider, the inclusion of which shall be mutually agreed between or among the ASEAN Member States negotiating bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services;
2.2 Country of Origin refers to the ASEAN Member State where the Practising Professional Accountant is registered as a member of and/or licensed to practice accountancy by the National Accountancy Body and/or the Professional Regulatory Authority;
2.3 Criteria/Standards generally, these two words are used synonymously to mean a specification of conditions required by National Accountancy Body and/or Professional Regulatory Authority to be met by the Practising Professional Accountant;
2.4 Domestic Regulations refers to laws, by-laws, regulations, rules, orders of respective ASEAN Member States as well as directives, guidelines and standards, relating to Accountancy Services, issued by the respective National Accountancy Body (NAB) and/or Professional Regulatory Authority (PRA);
2.5 Host Country refers to the ASEAN Member State where a Practising Professional Accountant from another ASEAN Member State applies for recognition to work in;
2.6 National Accountancy Body and/or Professional Regulatory Authority ("NAB and/or PRA") refers to the designated professional accountancy body or designated government agency in charge of each ASEAN Member State as in Appendix I;
2.7 Practising Professional Accountant ("PPA") refers to a natural person who is a national of an ASEAN Member State, who is assessed by the NAB and/or PRA as being technically, morally, and legally qualified to undertake independent professional accountancy practice and is registered as a member of and/or licensed to practice accountancy by the NAB and/or the PRA. ASEAN Member States may adopt different nomenclatures and requirements in referring to PPAs when negotiating their bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services; and
2.8 Recognition refers to acceptance by an NAB and/or PRA of compliance with its requirements.
ARTICLE III
BASIS FOR RECOGNITION
The ASEAN Member States hereby recognise that education, licences, demonstration of competencies and experience may be the principal elements considered in granting mutual recognition.
3.1 Education
The ASEAN Member States agree that a PPA of an ASEAN Member State who seeks recognition in another ASEAN Member State should have met the educational requirements in effect in the Country of Origin. Such individual's educational credentials may be accepted as having satisfied the educational requirements of the Host Country's NAB and/or PRA.
3.2 Licences
Where licences are required from governmental or regulatory bodies other than the NAB and/or PRA of each ASEAN Member State, the ASEAN Member States shall, subject to their Domestic Regulations, use their best endeavours to facilitate the PPA of the other ASEAN Member States to obtain the necessary approval.
3.3 Demonstration of Competencies
The ASEAN Member States recognise the need to require the PPA seeking recognition to demonstrate competencies to assure that the PPA has satisfactory knowledge of the Domestic Regulations of the Host Country.
3.4 Experience
A PPA seeking recognition shall meet the experience requirements specified by the Host Country.
3.5 International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) Standards and Guidelines
ASEAN Member States are encouraged to take into account the standards and guidelines set out by IFAC. The professional competencies and qualifications threshold for the practice of accountancy in ASEAN Member States shall be established, maintained and upheld according to these standards taking into consideration the Domestic Regulations of each ASEAN Member State.
ARTICLE IV
DOMESTIC REGULATION
4.1 Domestic Regulations
Any bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services between or among ASEAN Member States shall not prejudice the rights, powers and authority of each ASEAN Member State and its NAB and/or PRA and other regulators of the profession to set and regulate the necessary Domestic Regulations.
4.2 National Accountancy Body and/or Professional Regulatory Authority
The NAB and/or PRA of each ASEAN Member State, where applicable, shall be responsible for the following:
4.2.1 Granting recognition to the PPA who applies to work solely or in collaboration with the PPA of the Host Country, subject to Domestic Regulations;
4.2.2 Monitoring the professional practice of the PPA granted recognition to practice Accountancy Services in the Host Country;
4.2.3 Setting and/or maintaining, where applicable, standards of professional and ethical practice in Accountancy Services; and
4.2.4 Exchanging information regarding Domestic Regulations, practices and developments on Accountancy Services in the ASEAN Member States with the view to harmonise the practice in accordance with regional and/or international standards.
ARTICLE V
MUTUAL RECOGNITION ARRANGEMENTS
Following the signing of this MRA Framework, ASEAN Member States are encouraged to negotiate and conclude bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountancy Services.
5.1 Subject to the circumstances of each ASEAN Member State, an MRA may be concluded with the involvement and/or consent of the NAB and/or PRA and the relevant government agencies. A sample MRA is attached at APPENDIX II.
5.2 ASEAN Member States are encouraged to keep to the spirit of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Guidelines for Mutual Recognition Agreements or Arrangements in the Accountancy Sector. A copy of the Guidelines is attached at APPENDIX III.
5.3 ASEAN Member States are urged to keep to the spirit of this MRA Framework when negotiating and concluding bilateral or multilateral MRAs on Accountanc
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