“the impacts of mobile Long Message Service (LMS) lessons on L2 English
vocabulary learning. The experiment assigns college students into three groups:
LMS lessons without student interaction; LMS lessons with instructor-student
interaction; and a control group using paper materials. Using LMS lessons is
found to be more effective than using paper materials for vocabulary learning,
but no signifiant differences are found in performance between the two groups,
namely LMS lessons with and without interaction.” [Emphasis Added]